Archives August 2006

Caterpillar Will Build New Manufacturing Plant In China

July 24, 2006 — A new wheel loader manufacturing facility will be built in the Suzhou Industrial Park in China’s Jiangsu province. Caterpillar intends to begin construction of the 350,000-square-foot building in early 2007 pending appropriate governmental approvals.

“This facility will add to Caterpillar’s growing operations in China and provide the primary manufacturing source for Caterpillar wheel loaders in the Asia Theater,” said Rich Lavin, vice president of operations for Caterpillar’s asia pacific division. ” This site offers Caterpillar a business-friendly environment with excellent access to port and ground transportation facilities, established suppliers and great people.”

Caterpillar operates 13 China-based facilities which manufacture products including: hydraulic excavators, track-type tractors, motor graders and paving products, large diesel engines used primarily for marine and power generation applications and generator sets for use in China and the Asia Pacific region. Caterpillar also manufactures components at several facilities in China. In addition, Caterpillar holds a minority stake in Shandong SEM Machinery Co., Ltd. (SEM), one of China’s leading wheel loader manufacturers.

In the 1980s, Caterpillar launched technology transfer agreements with Chinese manufacturers who began building Caterpillar licensed products. Caterpillar’s expansion in China accelerated in the early 1990s with the establishment of a more significant local production strategy.

Jupiter to launch China fund for Ehrmann

By Margaret Taylor

Jupiter is to launch a China equity fund by the end of the year, to be run by former Gartmore manager Philip Ehrmann.

Ehrmann, who left Gartmore following its management buyout partnership with Hellman & Friedman in May, is to join the firm in October and, subject to regulatory approval, the portfolio will launch thereafter.

At Gartmore Ehrmann was head of Pacific and emerging markets and, among other managerial roles, was lead manager on the firm’s China Opportunities fund.

China VC Gold Rush Continues

Report on VC investment in China in first half of 2006 sees more money chasing deals.

July 12, 2006

Beijing—Venture investment in China in the first half of 2006 nearly doubled to $772 million compared to the same period in 2005, according to a new report.

The report, released by Zero2IPO, a Beijing-based venture capital research firm, at the China Venture Capital Semi-Annual Forum 2006 on Tuesday, found that 121 Chinese firms received venture investments, an increase from the first half of 2005 by 49 percent.

The number of firms, however, also represents a 17 percent decline from the 147 firms that landed venture funding in the second half of last year. Still, total venture investment has risen 5.4 percent over the second half of 2005.

“Valuations are up, and the average deal size is now $6.2 million, up from $4.2 million last year—an increase of almost 50 percent,” said Zero2IPO CEO Gavin Ni.

But Mr. Ni called this trend a “low-grade fever,” not a clear valuation bubble.

‘Things may get even hotter.’
-Rocky Lee,

Eleven new China-focused funds were raised during the first half of the year, with an average fund size of $90 million.

Non-Chinese funds continued to dominate, with 71 percent of projects funded by non-Chinese venture firms. Eight-five percent of total venture investment came from dollar-denominated funds.

The Lion’s Share

IT firms continued to win the lion’s share of funding with 84 IT companies receiving $562 million in venture backing in the first half of the year, representing 69 percent of the total number of venture-invested firms and 73 percent of the investment dollars.

The Internet sector in particular attracted the largest number of investments and greatest total amount of venture funding. Thirty-nine Internet companies were funded in the first half of the year, with $276 million dollars invested.

“During the first and second quarters, we saw some very aggressive plays by investors, especially in the web 2.0 space, with high valuations that some of the VCs are now having second thoughts about,” said Rocky Lee, a Beijing-based venture and private equity attorney at DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary.

“There seems to be a return to a focus on business models, revenue models, and other fundamentals,” he added.

Telecommunications followed IT, with 18 projects receiving $152 million. Eleven integrated circuit companies drew a total of $50 million, and seven software companies were funded for a total of $42 million, the report said.

“This was something of a surprise to me,” said Mr. Ni. “I had anticipated that there would be more non-TMT [technology, media, and telecommunications] deals in the first half. But the non-TMT deals tend to take longer, and we expect they will make up a greater percentage in the second half.”

Beijing Leads Shanghai

Beijing-based firms accounted for 51 percent of the received investment dollars and 40 percent of funded companies. Shanghai trailed with 20 percent of the investment dollars and 29 percent of the companies.

Fifty-eight firms—69 percent of firms attracting funding—were early-stage startups, pulling in a total of $241 million for an average of $4.1 million per project, said Mr. Ni.

Rules issued by China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) in April and July scared off overseas venture investors in the first half of 2005. But with the repeal of the SAFE regulations in October, VC money gushed back in.

“A number of VCs are doing larger and larger deals,” said Mr. Lee. “This might be driven by higher valuations, or it might be because the target companies have to have larger war chests in this increasingly competitive environment.”

“In the second quarter alone, we closed eight venture deals,” said Mr. Lee. “We helped deploy almost $100 million in that quarter alone.” With new opportunities related to third generation (3G) applications now heating up, he added, “things may get even hotter.”

ArvinMeritor To Establish New Manufacturing Facility In China

SHANGHAI, China, Aug. 7 /PRNewswire/ — ArvinMeritor, Inc. (NYSE: ARM) today announced it will open a new wholly-owned operation in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. The 300,000 sq. ft. facility will initially manufacture trailer axles and suspensions for key trailer manufacturers in China, as well as for export of components to North American and European plants. The company’s board of directors approved the investment in the new facility.

Production is estimated to begin in the first half of 2007.

Other drivetrain and brake components will be added to the operation’s portfolio, as the company continues to pursue its strategic enterprise model.

“As the country’s infrastructure improves, tractor-trailer configurations are expected to rise exponentially, and we will be ready to support both current and future market needs with advanced technology,” said Sergio Carvalho, vice president and general manager of ArvinMeritor’s Trailer Products and Suspensions business.

Investment in the Wuxi operation will include $35 million for new equipment.

The company has identified local sourcing for its components, which furthers its integrated manufacturing strategy to bring all aspects of the supply chain within close proximity of the facility.

Background

ArvinMeritor is the worldwide market leader for trailer axles and plans to become a major player in China’s growing trailer undercarriage market.

Today, the company has four Commercial Vehicle Systems (CVS) manufacturing facilities in China, with one being wholly-owned and the remaining three operating as joint venture partnerships. These locations assemble or produce axles, brakes and related components for medium- and heavy-duty trucks, off- highway and bus and coach markets, in addition to the aftermarket. All products are produced for export or are supplied to leading vehicle manufacturers in China.

ArvinMeritor, Inc. is a premier global supplier of a broad range of integrated systems, modules and components to the motor vehicle industry. The company serves light vehicle, commercial truck, trailer and specialty original equipment manufacturers and certain aftermarkets. Headquartered in Troy, Mich., ArvinMeritor employs approximately 29,000 people at more than 120 manufacturing facilities in 25 countries. ArvinMeritor common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol ARM. For more information, visit the company’s Web site at: http://www.arvinmeritor.com.

Web site: http://www.arvinmeritor.com//

Expected Flood of Chinese Funds Flowing Offshore May Be a Trickle

BEIJING — When China announced in April it was easing its strict foreign-exchange rules to allow individuals and companies to invest offshore, markets in Hong Kong and other parts of Asia sensed quick profits.

Reality is starting to disappoint. In the past week, Industrial & Commercial Bank of China and Bank of China launched the first products through which Chinese savers will be allowed to access global markets. But now analysts don’t expect more than a trickle of money from China anytime soon. That is bad news for any bulls anticipating a near-term boost to Chinese stocks listed in Hong Kong, which would be the natural first destination for Chinese-mainland funds chasing higher returns.

April’s announcement that Chinese authorities had approved outbound fund flows under the long-awaited Qualified Domestic Institutional Investment, or QDII, system looked like an obvious boost for regional markets, particularly Hong Kong. China has some $4 trillion in savings, about half owned by individuals and half by companies, and most of it sits idly in banks collecting paltry interest. Companies like China Eastern Airlines and Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fibre seemed like they could be the biggest beneficiaries, since their Hong Kong shares trade more cheaply than a separate class of their shares listed in Shanghai — making the Hong Kong shares a natural arbitrage play for mainland investors.

In the longer term, that pattern may yet play out. But the QDII system is both cumbersome and costly — making any quick expansion of the program unlikely.

The QDII system offers foreign-exchange quotas to approved banks, insurance companies and asset-management firms for overseas investment. But to protect novice investors, banks and insurers that control the bulk of China’s savings will only be allowed to offer customers products that invest in fixed-interest instruments, like bonds, instead of more volatile equities. Asset-management companies will be free to offer equity funds — but to selected clients, not the general public.

Heavy-handed regulation is likely to limit the Chinese public’s interest in QDII investments, analysts say. The impact on global bond and equity markets of QDII outflows will be “virtually negligible” said Hong Kong-based HSBC analyst Zhi Ming Zhang in a research report last month.

One problem for banks offering QDII products is that they must contend with requirements that they give full protection to clients against currency risks that arise when they convert savings in yuan into foreign currency. This adds to the expense of running the funds — and limits the range of products banks can sell, since no yuan hedging tools are available to cover currency risks on products with long maturities, like 10-year U.S. Treasury bills.

The Industrial & Commercial Bank of China’s first QDII product, which went on sale Monday, will invest mainly in money-market notes with a six-month maturity. It promises investors returns of 3% to 7%.

Impediments aside, the hefty size of the first QDII quota allocations surprised many analysts — a total of $4.8 billion was divided between Industrial & Commercial Bank of China, which received $2 billion; Bank of China, with $2.5 billion; and Hong Kong-based Bank of East Asia, with $300 million.

Kinger Lau, a Hong Kong-based Goldman Sachs analyst, says he expects Beijing will expand the quotas to $10 billion this year and says that “long term, it’s very positive news” for the Hong Kong stock market. Mr. Lau says an obvious QDII winner will be Hong Kong Exchanges & Clearing, the listed holding company of the Hong Kong stock and futures exchanges, which will benefit from rising turnover. Hong Kong Exchanges’ shares closed trading yesterday at 50.20 Hong Kong dollars (US$6.46), up about 56% since the start of the year, although off highs in May of about HK$65.

Morgan Stanley analyst Jerry Lou argues that in time there could be upside for Hong Kong-listed firms in sectors that are under-represented on mainland bourses, such as banking, insurance and telecommunications.

There are plenty of other head winds for outbound portfolio investments from China. For a start, China’s own equity markets look enticing again after a long slump. The Shanghai index is up almost 40% since the start of this year. Among the star performers: Beijing-based Citic Securities has surged 160%, and car maker Shanghai Automotive is up more than 70%.

There also are strong incentives to keep savings in yuan amid expectations that Beijing will be forced to allow faster currency appreciation to narrow its huge trade surpluses, which are causing friction with the U.S. The few Chinese companies allowed to hold foreign exchange offshore for investment have been pulling their money back home. Shanghai-based Bank of Communications has repatriated all of the proceeds of its $2.2 billion stock-market listing in Hong Kong last year.

Wang Jizhou, a professor at the Capital University of Economics & Business in Beijing, says right now “money would rather stay in China.” QDII, Mr. Wang argues, “is more meaningful in political terms than in economic ones” because it signals China’s willingness to start draining its vast foreign-exchange reserves. The reserves, which stand at $941 billion, draw attention to China’s politically sensitive trade surpluses.

China’s Rise as Auto-Parts Power Reflects New Manufacturing Edge

BEIJING — Raising the bar for competitors around the world, China is shifting its manufacturing resources to increasingly sophisticated goods, as shown by its rapid emergence as a global powerhouse in the auto-parts industry.

Just a few years ago, Chinese-made automotive components were plagued by a reputation for poor quality, and often cost more than U.S. or German parts. Detractors said the precision engineering required for the best parts was beyond the reach of inexperienced Chinese companies and their low-cost workers.

Last year, however, China for the first time exported more parts than its fast-growing auto industry purchased from abroad. Quality has improved so much that major Western auto makers like Volkswagen AG and DaimlerChrysler AG say they plan in coming years to buy billions of dollars of Chinese-made components — such as brakes, fuel pumps, wheels and steering systems.

Those gains show how China continues to evolve as a manufacturer, posing new challenges for rivals in the U.S., Europe and Japan. After earning its stripes as a maker of simple consumer goods, such as furniture and textiles, China has branched out, quickly coming to dominate more labor-intensive parts of the consumer-electronics business, such as computer assembly, and moving into a broader range of industries.

The country’s production of machinery and transportation equipment has surged, and export of those goods — which range from auto parts to forklifts to vacuum cleaners — totaled $352 billion last year, a fourfold increase from 2000.

Meanwhile, motor-vehicle production here has nearly tripled, and China is on pace to overtake Germany as the world’s third-biggest auto maker. It has become the world’s second-largest car market in terms of sales as millions of Chinese buy cars for the first time. Millions more are expected to do so as their incomes rise and car prices fall.

Now, “China competes in the entire range of products from telecom equipment to textiles,” says Hafiz Pasha, director of the United Nations Development Program’s Asia bureau.

The transition comes at a sensitive time for the U.S. and Europe, which have been finding it harder to hold on to high-paying manufacturing jobs. Employment in the U.S. auto-parts industry fell to about 644,000 in 2004 from about 721,000 in 2002, according to government figures.

More job losses could be on the way: Some major U.S. parts makers — including Delphi Corp., which has plants in China — have sought bankruptcy-court protection. And small and midsize suppliers, which often don’t have the resources to set up lower-cost operations abroad, are facing growing pressure.

“In the past two years, Chinese bids for auto-parts orders have driven customer price targets to a level below our costs on some products,” said Larry Denton, chairman and chief executive of Rochester Hills, Mich., parts maker Dura Automotive Systems Inc., at a recent government hearing in the U.S.

U.S. parts makers have also raised concerns about their access to the huge Chinese market. Earlier this year, the U.S. joined the European Union in asking the World Trade Organization to overturn a Chinese tariff policy that the two trading partners say discourages imports of auto parts.

China says the policy, introduced in 2005, is designed to prevent tariff fraud. It imposes additional tariffs on auto parts that exceed certain thresholds in terms of value or number of components. China says the idea is to discourage anyone who might seek to circumvent its auto tariffs by importing dismantled vehicles at the lower tariff rate that applies to parts and reassembling them in China.

The growth of the Chinese parts industry comes as manufacturers here increasingly grapple with rising wages and higher energy and raw-materials costs. In China’s booming coastal areas, where many factories are located, land and labor are no longer as cheap and abundant as they once were, says Lü Tie, a scholar at the Institute of Industrial Economics in Beijing. Those areas “are now pretty close to the level of middle-income countries. Their comparative advantage is changing,” he says.

With local wages on the rise, Chinese manufacturers are seeking to improve their efficiency and reduce their reliance on low-cost labor. They are increasingly churning out higher-value products such as auto parts and shifting away from traditional exports such as textiles and toys.

Some Western companies are reaping the benefits of China’s quest for greater productivity. Rockwell Automation Inc., a Milwaukee maker of high-end equipment and software to run factories, said it has seen its China business grow by more than 30% a year since 2003.

“There is a misperception” about China, says Scott Summerville, Rockwell’s president for Asia Pacific. While China still has a lot of labor-intensive manufacturing, he says, “there’s a big push right now to make Chinese companies globally competitive. You can’t do that just with cheap labor.”

Rockwell is part of an influx of foreign money and expertise that has contributed to the improving quality of Chinese-made auto parts and other products. The world’s biggest auto companies are also bulking up in China, looking for growth that is increasingly hard to come by in mature markets. They, in turn, often demand that their parts makers be able to supply them directly in China.

In recent months, such major Western auto-parts suppliers as Robert Bosch GmbH, of Stuttgart, Germany, and ArvinMeritor Inc., Troy, Mich., have made significant investments in Chinese factories that can make parts for the local market as well as for export.

The higher standards that global companies have introduced, combined with the international growth of local auto-parts makers like Wanxiang Group, has spurred innovation. To gain access to more customers and better technology, Wanxiang has bought several U.S. companies and has expressed interest in buying some assets from Delphi. It says its sales have been growing an average of 26% a year and reached 25.2 billion yuan, or about $3.15 billion, in 2005.

Smaller Chinese companies are also climbing the technology ladder. Huaxiang Group, based in the coastal city of Ningbo, started out in 1982 making plastic caps for medicine bottles. Now it makes molded plastics for auto interiors. Though it has been supplying VW’s China operations, about 20% of its 2005 revenue of 2.25 million yuan came from exports, says Xu Peiqi, who runs the office of the board of directors. Huaxiang opened an office in May in VW’s hometown of Wolfsburg, Germany.

“The companies are very focused on exports,” says Huang Xiaohua, secretary general of the Auto Parts Industry Association of Ningbo. “Products are going up-market,” as local manufacturers are increasingly becoming first-tier and second-tier suppliers for the major auto makers, he says.

“When we started exporting in 1997, people argued that you couldn’t make” auto parts cheaper in China, says Jack Perkowski, chief executive of Beijing-based parts maker Asimco Technologies Ltd. “People also argued that China would never be a large car market.”

Now, he says, “the conventional wisdom is that China can copy but not create. That’s going to go too.”